Airborne Defence Simulator - Browser-Native Air and Ground Defence Analysis

Created by Erik Markus Kannike · erik@100toolkit.com · About

What it is

A zero-deployment, open-source 3D simulation platform for air and ground defence operational research, running entirely in the browser with CesiumJS and React. No server required - share a scenario as a URL and a seed.

Key capabilities

  • Multiplicative Pk air-defence model with 6 orthogonal factors (range, altitude, speed, system–threat compatibility, sensor fusion, base effectiveness)
  • Lanchester ground combat: square law for direct fire, linear law with √n saturation for area fire
  • Monte Carlo batching: N=1,000 parallel runs via Web Worker pool with seeded xoshiro128** PRNG
  • 24 SAM/effector types from Piorun MANPADS to THAAD; 23 threat types from FPV drones to Kinzhal hypersonic
  • OSINT scenarios: Estonia Defense (73 threats, 7 waves), Ust-Luga 25 (48 threats), Op. True Promise 4 (1,186 projectiles)
  • LLM red-force generation via OpenRouter API with role-locked doctrine prompts and sanitisation pipeline
  • NATO APP-6(D) military symbology rendered to HTML5 canvas billboards at 2× HiDPI resolution
  • Adaptive A* threat avoidance: threats replan around SAM arcs at 70% engagement radius

Research output

  • Estonia Defense: mean interception rate 0.83 [95% CI 0.82–0.84] over N=1,000 runs; force-sufficiency 55%
  • Ust-Luga 25: mean rate 0.56 [0.54–0.57]; bimodal distribution revealing mid-corridor seam in Russian SHORAD
  • Operation True Promise 4: mean rate 0.91 [0.91–0.92]; ~107 mean leakers from 1,186 projectiles
  • Sensitivity sweep: interception rate degrades ~linearly with equipment-position jitter radius 0–2,000 m
  • Performance: ~1.2 s per run; N=1,000 in ~180 s with 7 Web Workers on an 8-thread laptop

Technology

  • React 18 + TypeScript + Vite, CesiumJS 1.140, Supabase backend
  • Plugin architecture: AirDefensePlugin → CrossDomainPlugin → GroundForcesPlugin, 30 Hz tick loop
  • Simulation speed 1×–2,000×; deterministic replay from seed; WGS84 geodesic kinematics
  • Academic paper: Monte Carlo Evaluation of Integrated Air and Ground Defence in a Browser-Native 3D Simulator
  • Source: github.com/turingfp/airborne-defence-simulate